Machiavelli Vs. Rousseau s The Prince - 1278 Words

Machiavelli vs. Rousseau In the era that both Machiavelli and Rousseau, the way that they were brought up had many similarities (e.g. the way they were governed), but it also became apparent that they had very diverse ways of thinking and analyzing many of the social problems that plagued their respective nations. At the time that Machiavelli was writing his prized piece, â€Å"The Prince†, Italy was under high scrutiny for engaging in various war to expand their nation; nonetheless, to make matters worse their kings both suddenly died and someone inexperienced came into power that ultimately forced Italy to give up its Northern estates. â€Å"The Prince† was not meant to be a piece that illustrates how a prince should behave, but instead it was more a blueprint for individuals to maintain their power for as long as they desired. In the meantime while Rousseau was crafting both of his publications, Discourse on the Origin and Foundation of Inequality Among Men The Soci al Contract, France was heading into a revolution that no one would have ever expected. Both Rousseau and Emmanuel Sieyes, a political theorist, came up with the general idea that men should be free and that power should be evenly distributed to form a better nation. But whose version on the way that society be governed is correct, Machiavelli or Rousseau? Machiavelli wanted a prince to be head of a power nation while Rousseau argued for a more governed society with equality being the main issue. Machiavelli’sShow MoreRelatedHobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Machiavelli Essay1855 Words   |  8 PagesHobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Machiavelli The thirteenth through the eighteenth century brought profound changes in the political realm of Western civilization. Beginning with the Scientific Revolution and only advancing during the Renaissance, secularization and skepticism lead to changes in not only the intellectual life of Westerners, but also to their politics. At the forefront of the political debate were well-versed men such as Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau. The influencesRead MoreA Review of Ethics Concepts Theories2669 Words   |  11 PagesConcepts Theories Educational Objectives: 1. Explain the type of problem that is addressed by philosophers. 2. Explain how ethical norms help address ethical issues that arise in accountancy. 3. Contrast the views of Mills, Machiavelli and Kant. 4. Describe what is meant by a social contract. 5. Analyze a given situation and tell why it would be appropriate or inappropriate to lie. 6. Explain the views of Kierkegaard and contrast him from other existentialistsRead MoreTrait, Skills, and Situational Leadership Approaches: a Comparative Examination7410 Words   |  30 PagesLuther, Rousseau, and Napoleon. Carlyle believed that these individuals shaped history through both their personal attributes and inspiration and felt that by examining the lives led by such heroes, one could uncover the true nature of leaders. More modern day â€Å"heroes† who may be considered under this theory are Abraham Lincoln, Mahandas Gandhi, and Winston Churchill. Although not considered to be as influential as Carlyle in the trait leadership theory realm, Nicoli Machiavelli (1469-1527)

The Warming Of The 21st Century Industrial Revolution

Something which has never before been seen is happening now. The Earth s atmosphere is warming more rapidly in the past 100 years than ever before. According to physicist Jennifer Burney (2013:54), the current warming trend being seen today has everything to do with the social and economic advances from the 19th century Industrial Revolution. During this time, fossil fuel use accelerated the changes we see today in agriculture, manufacturing, and power. For example, fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas supply most of the energy needed to fuel the cars we drive, and generate electricity for industries and households. Unfortunately, the burning of these fossil fuels puts too much carbon dioxide into the air. This in turn, increases the number of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere causing our climate to become hotter. With that being said, there is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Warming of the climate system is undisputable, and according to Dr. Michael Mann (2009:14), who holds joint positions in the Departments of Meteorology and Geosciences at Penn State, states that scientists are more than 90% positive that global warming is primarily caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. After rapid industrialization, the two primary causes of man-made global warming are the burning of fossil fuels andShow MoreRelatedCold Weather As We Know It1102 Words   |  5 Pagesscientific community is far from gold, it’s a treat to our very existent but yet we consume it every day. From filling up our cars, or even a bottle of water is made out of oil. Oil was locked under the earth crust for thousands years ago. As the industrial revolution took full affect, we demanded more of the substance, and release a deadly chemical called carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which then heats up the pla net. These effect can cause heat weave killing hundred of peoples, irregular season, andRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On The World1336 Words   |  6 Pagestypically driven by coal, and propellants used to spray chemicals. The Industrial Revolution left an impact on the world far greater than just inventions and set forth a world of change. Although the Industrial Revolution brought many great devices in to the world, it also could have caused the accelerated climate change and warming that we saw throughout the 21st century. In fact, over the 900 years before the Industrial Revolution began, the average world temperature was in decline and the 1990sRead MoreThe Biological Old Regime Occurred Between The 15th And 18th Centuries1497 Words   |  6 PagesThe biological old regime occurred between the 15th and 18th centuries. During this time, everything was completed by hand. Growing food and making clothes could not be processed with a machine. Available sources depend ed highly on the climate. For example, climate determined how many people could be supported by agriculture. A shift in society occurred during the 19th century. This marked the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Although things became easier, it also negatively affected the ecosystemRead MoreNatural Disasters During The Industrial Revolution1636 Words   |  7 Pagesrebuild. Most natural disasters are major adverse events that occur as a result of human interference and natural processes of the earth. Industrial revolution: As we have developed as a species so has our impact on the natural world. This is evident in the rise of natural disasters since the industrial revolution. By the end of the industrial revolution the number of natural disasters had almost doubled. This could be down to the fact that there was an extensive increase in the amount of carbonRead MoreThe Causes Of Global Warming Essay1705 Words   |  7 Pages Global warming has been for decades the center of discussion between intergovernmental agencies and world leaders, each forum aiming to discuss the causes of the global warming. Scientists have been in the front lie to figure out the causes of the global warming. The hurdles and the efforts to discern the causes of the global warming are to learn ways to counter the causes so as to prevent the earth from vanquishing in the detrimental effects of the global warming. Additionally, the effort to learnRead MoreGlobal Climate Change and Human Activity Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pagesact ivities that are done affect the global climate that the natural causes which has led to global warming in the atmosphere (Oxlade, 2003). The human activities that are undertaken such as burning of fossils release some greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, Methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is created in our atmosphere. When the suns energy heats up the Earth by warming it, our planet radiates some of this heat that was heating the surface back out towards the outerRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming875 Words   |  4 Pagespatterns since the mid-century (NASA 2014). The warming of global climate systems is undisputable supported by unprecedented observations, based upon direct measurements and remote sensing from satellites and other platforms (IPCC 2013, pg.2). The IPCC (2013) outlines climate change as â€Å"a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere†. Global warming first became evident during the 19th century when it became evidentRead MoreIndustrial Pollution Has Impacted The Environment1078 Words   |  5 Pages Since the Industrial Revolutions, humans have progressed far into the 21st century beyond what our forefathers could ever imagine. With the development of new technology and the advancement of science, the age of manufacturing was born. Since then, industries have grown exponentially, expanding all over the world. Throughout this revolutionary venture, there was something that was completely overlooked until the late 1800s in America. That was industrial waste (http://www.deq.state.ok.us/lpdnew/wastehistory/wastehistoryRead MoreRogerian Argument Essay1181 Words   |  5 Pagesthat people trivialized the most is: Global warming. Increasingly, subject to concern not only via online discussion, magazine and article but also part of the agenda at the Whitehouse, â€Å"We can’t have an energy strategy for the l ast century that traps us in the past. We need an energy strategy for the future – an all-of-the-above strategy for the 21st century that develops every source of American-made energy,† said, President Barack Obama. Is global warming a major concern when the world is economicallyRead MoreHuman Behavior and Activities Responsible for Global Climatic Changes1677 Words   |  7 Pagesvarious statistics that there has been a significant change in the global climate. The end of the 20th and the 21st century have witnessed some of the warmest periods of the globe. The temperature recorded during this period was reported to be highest when compared with the instrumental temperature records. The evident shifts in the Global climate started in the mid of the 19th century and after that the global climate kept on getting worse with the passage of time. (Unknown, 2007) Human behavior

MS Powerpoin Free Essays

(1) I needed scaffolded help when I was learning MS Powerpoint for the first time. My teacher taught the function of each command icon and how to use animation for the presentation. I understood what needed to be done and the concepts behind it as my teacher demonstrated how to do it. We will write a custom essay sample on MS Powerpoin or any similar topic only for you Order Now After the discussion, he asked us to make our own presentation. I was able to make text boxes and color the texts, but I needed more help in using animating effects for the presentation. So my teacher guided me by demonstrating again how to do it. In the end, I was able to memorize the different functions of the commands available in MS Powerpoint and get used to the environment of the software. (2) Scaffolding offers a number of advantages. First, it provides clear directions as the instructor assists the student in the learning process. It also clarifies the purpose of the lesson and the importance of learning it, which keeps the student motivated. It also offers assessment to determine whether the learner is on the right track, which reduces uncertainty, surprise, and disappointment of both the instructor and the learner. This is especially useful for students with low self-esteem and learning disabilities. It allows the teacher to give positive feedback on their achievement. This could also minimize the level of frustration for the learner and the instructor. In addition, scaffolding keeps the learner engaged in the lesson or task (Van Der Stuyf, 2002). Although it offers many advantages, scaffolding has a number of disadvantages as well. As scaffolding is individualized, it could be extremely time-consuming and its implementation in a large class would be challenging. The implementation of scaffolding may also require a teacher to be properly trained for it to be effective. In scaffolding, the teacher needs to give up some of the control and allow the students to commit errors, which could be difficult for the teacher. However, despite the disadvantages, the positive impact of scaffolding on learning and development is very apparent (Van Der Stuyf, 2002). How to cite MS Powerpoin, Papers

A Report on Leadership Reflection

Questions: Evaluate how theories of leadership have developed and judge their relevance for leadership today. Task 1 The completion of a three hours group activity set in the university centre as directed by your tutor. A reflective learning log will also be completed and submitted as an attachment to your assignment. The reflective learning log will be composed of your own observations and activities, where you have observed or experienced leadership. (A Performa will be supplied or students can create their own). Task 2 Using your learning log from task one, undertake a reflective analysis and critically appraise leadership evidenced from you own observations and experiences, linking in with your use appropriate contemporary theory to support your discussion. Answers: Task 1: Activity 1 Magic Stick activity Introduction This activity was undertaken by five people where they were instructed about manoeuvring the stick down to the floor by simply using two fingers. Since it is a joint undertaking of five people, the leadership style that would best fit into this activity is participative style. Here, input and efforts of every team member would be valued and used by the leader to make serious decisions. Activity outcome Initially the activity was undertaken by the team members without the presence of any team leader. The activity was being performed in an improper manner and not in the right direction. Here, Belbins theory could have been used that suggests no individual is in fact perfect, but a team which he is a member to can be a perfect one with mutual understanding. However, there was no specific leadership style followed by the members and the presence of an effective leader lacks completely. Participative style leadership that lacked within the team involves every member to participate in the process and their opinions would enable the leader to take effective decisions on behalf of the team members. This style encourages member morale greatly and all jointly strives to meet the challenges of the team. Conclusion If there was an effective leader since the very beginning, then the activity would have attained success. This led to its delay in completion. The activity is said to have failed due to the lack of a participative leadership style. The members were not encouraged adequately to meet the existing challenges of the group activities. Activity 2 Midget gem tower activity Introduction The activity required three members to participate in the activity of building a tall tower with midget gems and tooth picks. The group building the tallest tower would be considered the winner. In this case, situational leadership theory of Hersey-Blanchard would be of immense help. Activity outcome During the activity undertaken by three members, one of the team members in the specific group pursued a democratic style approach but in a less intense manner. The democratic leaders usually make final decisions but also involve efforts from the team members. The team members have higher creativity and job satisfaction at the end of increased productivity. The leadership model that the activities can be based upon is the situational leadership model of Hersey Blanchard. This theory suggests the use of various leadership styles based upon the maturity essence of the team members. The member who is immature must be given a more direct approach, and those with experience must be imparted with more delegating style. Conclusion The member as specified in the group should have taken a more democratic style with increased involvement of team members and not just delegating instructions. This would have been more encouraging for all team members. Activity 3 Building a bridge Introduction The three group members united to build a bridge with newspapers, cello tape, DVD cases and solid objects. The group with innovative design and increased strength would be the winner. The transactional leadership style has been implemented during the group activity. Activity outcome The activity taught the members that they are nothing but servant leaders who create value for the community by intentionally as well as consciously providing back to the community for community services. The three members who were engaged in the activity were made to implement transactional style of leadership. A team leader assigns tasks to team members and at the end of the process either rewards or punishes the members as per their performance results. This style of leadership ensures pre-determination of goals and the members are required to follow these along with the direction of the leader to accomplish overall goals. Conclusion From the activity, it may be concluded that any group activity may be undertaken only with the cooperation of the team members. Here in this case also, the group activity succeeded due to the effective implementation of transactional leadership style. The members were motivated adequately to achieve the pre-determined goals of the leader. Activity 4 Sinking Ship leadership activity Introduction During this activity, five team members were engaged and they were provided a situation to analyze. The members were required to think upon the issue and make appropriate decisions. The group with most effective solution and recommendation in the shortest time period would be the winner. Since it is a joint undertaking of five people, the leadership style that would best fit into this activity is participative style. Activity outcome The activity led to some learning sessions like brainstorming and exhibiting skills and competencies. Each group exhibited different leadership styles. Some reflected autocratic leadership where a leader made a decision without engaging any of his team members. This is quite discouraging for other members. Democratic leaders engage team members in the decision making process but themselves make the final decision. One of the groups that exhibited laissez faire leadership style was the winner. Participative style leadership that lacked within the team involves every member to participate in the process and their opinions would enable the leader to take effective decisions on behalf of the team members. Conclusion The most appreciated form of leadership style is the laissez-faire style that allows enough freedom to the team members to do their work and set own deadlines. The leaders provide every support to the members and hardly interfere with the team decisions. The Lewins model is useful as it encourages leaders to be less autocratic. Learning Log What did I do? In accomplishing the assignment, I had to undertake the study of various leadership theories and models. I perceived models as trials to functionalize increased theoretical leadership aspects and render them convenience to be used by consultants and organization. I had to highlight upon some of the theories like trait theory, skills theory, situational theory, contingency theory, path-goal theory, transformational theory, transactional theory, servant leadership theory, etc. I strongly agree to the acquired learning that the real test of leadership would be depicted by assessing the ability of a leader to gain his followers (Northouse, 2007). I have learnt that a leader can impart vision to his followers but what is more important is the need to convince others and not just tell them what is vital and what not. Trait theory Trait theory refers to the integrated style of personal attributes which reflect a varied range of differences of individuals as well as foster leadership effectiveness across different organizational situations. Situational theory Situational leadership refers to the type of leadership that reflects upon specific situations within organizational management. This is in fact a part of contingency leadership theory. How do I think/feel about this? I felt I came across many such important knowledge and assumptions about an effective leader and how a leader may bring about some positive changes around the organizational environment. I have learnt that leadership is not possible in reality without positive followership, whereby a leader motivates his members completely to accomplish the desired organizational goals. I feel to have acquired adequate level of knowledge related to the topic. I opine that any effective leader basically satisfies two areas key personality and that of experienced or acknowledged. How well (or badly) did it go? The study about the leadership concept went quite good and as planned. The progress of the assignment was aligned to its pre-determination of key steps to be undertaken. The leadership theories and concepts were thoroughly highlighted and reflected upon with their practical application in the real world and environment. After completion, the outcomes were contrasted with the desired goals. This reflected that the experience went really good as expected(Zamer and Scheiner, 2014). What did I learn? I learn that leadership is not to be learnt but rather the quality needs to be developed from within from the very basic stage. A firm can adopt any style of leadership at a given time based on the demand of the situation. There is no specific leadership style for all organizations. I have learnt that a leader can impart vision to his followers but what is more important is the need to convince others and not just tell them what is vital and what not. Situational leadership theory suggests that a leader may make the most suitable choice of option depending upon the situational variable (Rafferty and Griffin, 2004). What will I do differently next time? Next time when I undertake any role of a leader, I would ensure that I keep some important learning in mind. As a leader I need to ensure that I make efforts to develop and maintain my followers as followership is the most important requisite for any leader (Pinnington, 2011). Next time, while guiding my members I would ensure that they are encouraged thorough to participate in various accomplishments of task. Participative theory states that a specific style would be most effective when a leader takes every input of others into account. I would also ensure that my members are made to participate in the decision-making process under my guidance. I would attempt to inculcate values within the group so that the members are positively reinforced to take up challenges (Northouse, 2007). What have I achieved? Undertaking of the assignment imparted me the learning that it is not enough just to possess great ideas or creativity. It is more important for a leader to know all tactics of developing and maintaining followership and guide them in the positive direction to realize accomplishments of goals. I have acquired the learning that though my position as a manager or supervisor imparts me the authority to undertake tasks and organizational objectives, this power is not enough to allow me to be a good leader (Owen, 2012). Thus, I get assigned leadership by virtue of my position, and I display emergent leadership by impacting followers to achieve great accomplishments. What have I learn about myself? About myself I have learnt that I need to have an honest understanding of myself, my learning and knowledge, and what I am capable of doing. It is the followers of a leader and not the leader himself who decides about the success of a leader (Mortimer, 2002). If my followers fail to trust or lack confidence in me, they would not be inspired properly. To achieve success, I need to be successful at convincing my followers. I need to possess the fundamental requisite to have a proper understanding of human nature like their needs, emotions, values, and motivation. I personally gained the knowledge of the following leadership styles: Contingency theory These are a group of behavioural theory which state the absence of one specific style of leadership style. It also states that some leadership styles are effective at certain situations while others at other different situations. Path goal theory It is referred to as a process whereby leaders choose specific aspects of behaviours which are best suited to organizational employees within work environment. How have I put any theory into practice? On undertaking the study about leadership, many theories have been evaluated by me. I gained ample information about authentic leadership theory, complexity leadership theory, transactional, and shared leadership theory (Ledesma, 2014). Authentic leadership model focused that leadership is developed when individuals capably observe effective patterns of authentic leader behaviour which motivates open share of information. This imparted me with the idea of authenticity as well as integrity in developing key leadership behaviours. It is also learnt that constructive behaviours must be continuously observed, acknowledged and evaluated through cross-functional levels (Rockwell and Bajaj, 2010). How does what I have been doing lead to me becoming better at a skill? I have learnt that effective leaders are not born, but rather made. If I have that desire as well as willpower, I can become an effective leader. Effective leader develops through a constant process of self-dedication, learning, training, and experiences(Hart, Klosky and Katalenich, 2014). The learning has enabled me to improve my personal skills as a leader in a way that I ensure to inspire my members in high levels of teamwork. Accomplishments in this field are not possible without constant perseverance and study. I need to undertake continuous study and enhance my leadership skills with potential effort, practice, and experience. I learned about the importance of contingency leadership whereby I need to exhibit my leadership qualities as per the situational demands. How can I use this to plan for the future? As leadership is learnt and acquired, the skills as well as knowledge that are processed by an effective leader may be influenced by his attributes like values, beliefs, character and ethics. These contribute directly towards the leadership process, while other traits impart a leader with key characteristics that impart uniqueness to the leaders (Fawcett, 2013). From my learning that every situation would be different, I agree that different situations demand different solutions. I need to use my own judgment for deciding the best action course as well as leadership style as required by a specific situation. Task 2: From the learning log of task 1 based on leadership concepts as given above, I feel to have acquired adequate level of knowledge related to the topic. I opine that any effective leader basically satisfies two areas key personality and that of experienced or acknowledged. I learn that leadership is not to be learnt but rather the quality needs to be developed from within from the very basic stage (Blomme, Kodden and Beasley-Suffolk, 2015). The leadership model that the activities were based upon are the situational leadership model of Hersey Blanchard, participative theory that states that a specific style would be most effective when a leader takes every input of others into account. The three members who were engaged in the activity were made to implement transactional style of leadership. A team leader assigns tasks to team members and at the end of the process either rewards or punishes the members as per their performance results. I have learnt that a leader can impart vision to his followers but what is more important is the need to convince others and not just tell them what is vital and what not. The followership concept highlighted that I may acquire effective ideas, determination and charisma, but all these would be meaningless if I lack the quality of followership(Bullough and de Luque, 2014). While I was undertaking the assignment based on leadership concepts, I came across many such important knowledge and assumptions about an effective leader and how a leader may bring about some positive changes around the organizational environment. I have learnt that leadership is not possible in reality without positive followership, whereby a leader motivates his members completely to accomplish the desired organizational goals (Northouse, 2007). Some important aspects that resonated with me throughout are authentic leadership, followership, and ethics in leadership. I have learnt it clearly that a leader who has all the qualities can surely bring about big changes within the organization that would be positive and beneficial for all the associated members. I thoroughly agree to the learning that innovative leadership needs to embody authenticity to express values and also embrace the followers as well as ethical decisions would be based on creative thinking and not upon short-term results (Einarsen, Aasland and Skogstad, 2007). A firm can adopt any style of leadership at a given time based on the demand of the situation. There is no specific leadership style for all organizations. In future, if I get an opportunity to practice leadership attributes, I would first consider the environment I am working under. I strongly agree to the acquired learning that the real test of leadership would be depicted by assessing the ability of a leader to gain his followers. Undertaking of the assignment imparted me the learning that it is not enough just to possess great ideas or creativity. It is more important for a leader to know all tactics of developing and maintaining followership and guide them in the positive direction to realize accomplishments of goals. When I would be practicing leadership, I would try my best to stick to my own values and encourage my members to beat against all odds. References Blomme, R., Kodden, B. and Beasley-Suffolk, A. (2015). Leadership theories and the concept of work engagement: Creating a conceptual framework for management implications and research.Journal of Management Organization, 21(02), pp.125-144. Bullough, A. and de Luque, M. (2014). Women's participation in entrepreneurial and political leadership: The importance of culturally endorsed implicit leadership theories.Leadership, 11(1), pp.36-56. Einarsen, S., Aasland, M. and Skogstad, A. (2007). Destructive leadership behaviour: A definition and conceptual model.The Leadership Quarterly, 18(3), pp.207-216. Fawcett, J. (2013). Thoughts About Conceptual Models, Theories, and Literature Reviews.Nursing Science Quarterly, 26(3), pp.285-288. Hart, S., Klosky, J. and Katalenich, S. (2014). Conceptual Models for Infrastructure Leadership.J. Manage. Eng., 30(3), p.04014003. Ledesma, J. (2014). Conceptual Frameworks and Research Models on Resilience in Leadership.SAGE Open, 4(3). Mortimer, K. (2002). Integrating advertising theories with conceptual models of services advertising.Journal of Services Marketing, 16(5), pp.460-468. Owen, J. (2012). Using Student Development Theories as Conceptual Frameworks in Leadership Education.New Directions for Student Services, 2012(140), pp.17-35. Pinnington, A. (2011). Leadership development: Applying the same leadership theories and development practices to different contexts?.Leadership, 7(3), pp.335-365. Rafferty, A. and Griffin, M. (2004). Dimensions of transformational leadership: Conceptual and empirical extensions.The Leadership Quarterly, 15(3), pp.329-354. Rockwell, S. and Bajaj, A. (2010). Applying Cognitive Theories to Evaluate Conceptual Models in Systems Analysis.Journal of Information Technology Research, 3(1), pp.55-72. Zamer, W. and Scheiner, S. (2014). A Conceptual Framework for Organismal Biology: Linking Theories, Models, and Data.Integrative and Comparative Biology, 54(5), pp.736-756.

Yahoo! Essay Example For Students

Yahoo! Essay Yahoo! rode the bull market Thursday, primarily on the strength of a report by Lehman Brothers, which raised its recommendation on the stock to a Buy. But Lehman analyst Holly Becker may well be the lone voice in the dark with her Yahoo! upgrade. Most other analysts are scratching their heads, taking a wait-and-see approach, and noting the many internal conflicts Yahoo! is currently undergoing. Some are even saying it may get worse before it gets better, that the Web portal may actually have to go through a round of layoffs in the not-to-distant future. When asked about the possible layoffs, a Yahoo! spokesperson said that the company does not comment on rumors. In the near term, the waters remain pretty turbulent for the company, said Derek Brown, an analyst with WR Hambrecht. There are strong forces at work right now against Yahoo!, and layoffs are a distinct possibility in the near future. We will write a custom essay on Yahoo! specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Plus, the company is still searching for a new chief executive, analysts note. In her report, Becker set a 12-month target price for Yahoo! at $20 a share. Technology Essays

Training and Developing Employees Essays

Training and Developing Employees Essays Training and Developing Employees Essay Training and Developing Employees Essay Name: Course: Instructor: Date: Training and Developing Employees How is training different from development? Training and development are two different terms in terms of their definition, applicability and interpretation. Training and development is used for enhancing the employee skills and competencies for better execution of tasks, duties and responsibilities delegated to them by the management. Training is defined as the use of programs to enhance the skills and competencies of the employees in relation to the tasks, duties and responsibilities delegated to them by the management (York, 221). In talking to the city manager which would you highlight as having the capacity to deal with short-term problems? Training could be used to deal with both long-term and short-term challenges in the workplace. Training is used as an immediate as well as a forward-looking approach in enhancing the skills of the employees. The short-term challenges could be the need to replace individuals in various positions necessitating the need for quick training to employees to prepare them for new tasks, responsibilities and duties, which are associated with the new positions provided by the management. On the other hand, development of the employees is a forward looking approach and used in an organization to help personal development of the employees in their positions. Additionally, employees could gain knowledge and skills, which enable to develop in the organization as well as outside of the organization (York, 247). Which would require a more long-term approach? Development of employees requires relatively longer periods as the process aims at changing individual perception and skills of an individual in assuming a specific line of career. Hence, it focuses on the overall growth of an individual or employee in a given line of employment. Development focuses on the growth of an employee in terms of rise in hierarchy because of gaining experience skills and knowledge to suit a specific line of career of employment in an organization. In addition, the development of the employees focuses on helping them prepare for better opportunities in any organizational setting hence it is not restricted to a specific organization. Which would be more suited for helping address any problems related to succession planning among managers? Succession planning is usually based on the assumption of anew position by an employee within the organization. This is enhanced by the management through development of the employees in anticipation of assuming the new positions left vacant by other employees. In addition, the development of the employees enables them to use the skills gained in training in anticipation for the new positions in the organization (York, 253). Approaches such as coaching the employees in enhancing their capabilities to assume higher positions and more responsibilities are enhanced by adequate training of the employees for their presupposed new roles. At times, organizations assume that handing over new positions is automatic and that employees assuming new positions have the adequate knowledge and skills to execute the tasks, duties and handling responsibilities associated with the new positions. This is unfounded in that; there is need for developing employees over longer periods and molding them to assume higher positions or different positions in the organization Conclusively, training and development are intertwined activities in contemporary organizations. This is because they entail the use of resources in the organization to enhance the skills and knowledge of the employees. The differences between training and development are brought about by the goals and the achievements desired by the approaches (York, 256). The training of the employees is based on immediacy in terms of the need of qualified individuals with skills and knowledge related to a particular employee position in the organization. On the other hand, development usually relates to the use of training to enhance and enable individual development and growth in the organization. It essentially focuses on growth of the employee in the organization and preparing the employee for positions either within or outside the organization. Work Cited York, Kenneth M. â€Å"Training and Developing Employees† Applied Human Resource Management: Strategic Issues and Experiential Exercises. Los Angeles: Sage, 2010. Print.

The Codex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Codex - Essay Example By describing brief history of different codices, an attempt has been made to highlight the importance of codex history. Such history will not only provide a better understanding of past work but it will also provide an understanding of the development of ideas as well as a base for future research. Today’s physical form of the book took a series of severe changes of about 5000 years. However, its most popular format has been in the shape of codex i.e. a collection of bounded and covered pages. Just after few hundred years of its creation, the codex book gained a distinct domination over the past well-liked format of papyrus scroll. One important factor that brought the supremacy of codex on scroll was the effective role of Christianity. Christian church took revolutionary steps to distinguish the writings of its holy books from the Jewish influence. They implemented several unique codex formats for its scriptures. Consequently, Christianity spread throughout the history and its codex formats as well. The Romans civilization is considered as the pioneer that used the codices (plural of codex) as personal notebooks e.g. their use in the form of mail etc. For this purpose they used wax-covered pills of wood and stylus. These codices were ephemeral and informal because after using once, they were washed out for their use again. In the history, the first occurrence of the use of the codex is the later part of 1st century when The Romans used the codex for the circulation of educational works. At that time, literary works were carried out through scrolls media which remained dominantly effective till the 4th century. Later on Chinese remained in practice in using of scroll for their literary purposes. Christians also widely used the papyrus codex during 2nd century. Evidences revealed that the most primitive surviving fragments from codices came from Egypt during the 1st and 2nd century (Turner, 1977 and Roberts & Skeat, 1983). An example of egypt

What aids are available to the courts when concerned with Essay

What aids are available to the courts when concerned with interpretation of statute - Essay Example An intrinsic analysis of a statute and the statutory context that surrounds it is based upon the construction of statute bearing in mind the language used, as also the level of harmony of the statutory element in the content of the body of law of which it forms a part1. Therefore, the content of the statute will be considered in relation to other enacting words used in the statute, which will serve to indicate the purpose of the legislation in question, so that if interpretation of one section appears absurd in connection with other sections, it will not hold good. This is referred to as the rule of noscitur a sociis, according to which the words that make up a statute are to be interpreted in the light of the context within which they appear, or where the meaning of the words will be known by its associated words2. For example, according to Stamp J, â€Å"English words derive color from those which surround them. Sentences are not mere collections of words to be taken out of the sentence, defined separately†¦.†3 A sentence from a statute cannot be interpreted in isolation, but must be interpreted taking into account the general context or the Ejusdem Generis – material belonging to the same genus.4 Such an intrinsic interpretation of a statute was taken up in the case of People (Attorney general) v Kennedy.5 In this instance, the statute that required interpretation was Section 79 of the Courts of Justice Act of 1924. This provision allowed for a right to appeal without spelling out any specific limitations on who could actually bring such an appeal. Therefore, taken out of context and interpreted independently, this would have implied that a range of persons could bring an appeal. But by interpreting the statute in the light of its associated words and the general context of the Act, the Court held that there was an inherent limitation in Section 79, limiting the appeal to the accused person only. In this case, Black J stated that: â€Å"A

Contradictions and the Legitimacy of Law in Early American History Essay

Contradictions and the Legitimacy of Law in Early American History - Essay Example This indignity suffered by black slaves are shown here in an example of runaway slave advertisement: April 23, 1738. RAN away from the Subscriber in Lancaster County, the 17th Instant, a dark Mullatto Fellow, named Will: He is a lusty, well-set Fellow, aged about 42 years; he is pretty much Pock-fretten, and has a Lump on the hind Part of One of his Legs, near his Heel. He wore a Man's Cloth Jacket, a Pair of brown Cotton Breeches, and an Ozenbrig Shirt, he carried with him, a white Fustian Jacket, a lopping Ax, and a fiddle: He is a Carpenter, Sawyer, Shoemaker, and Cooper. Whoever will apprehend the said Slave, or give Intelligence so that he may be had again, shall be sufficiently rewarded, besides what the Law allows, paid by James Ball. Unfortunately for the escaped slave did not just enjoy the freedom from their oppression, the laws of the day also allowed for their capture. It had gotten to the point in the American slavery period that the slave owners convinced enough members of the senate and governing bodies to enact a new law that would have anyone who did not capture a slave when they had the opportunity to be charged with a fine of $1,000. Written into the United States Constitution, the Thirteenth Amendment makes involuntary servitude illegal under any US jurisdiction whether at the hands of the US government or in the private sphere, except as punishment for a crime: "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." With this amendment written into the United States Constitution, Amendment XIII effectively abolished slavery and, with the exception of allowing punishments for crimes, prohibits involuntary servitude. The article states: Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. (United States Constitution Amendment XIII, 1869) President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 was a prelude to the Thirteenth Amendment being written into the Constitution as the Emancipation Proclamation had only at the time applied to the slaves that were being held in areas of the country were in rebellion against the north, or what was known as the United States of that time during the time of Proclamation. In the areas that were controlled by the Union, or the south, the slaves were not freed until this amendment took effect. In the present day, the Supreme Court has ruled that the only situations where the Thirteenth Amendment cannot be applied as a violation is in the cases of mandatory military service and within methods used for involuntary servitude by convicted criminals in such instances of a "chain gang" unless they are ruled cruel and unusual punishment methods. The Thirteenth Amendment also prohibits specific performance as a judicial remedy for violations of contracts for personal services such as employment

Patient Refusal Of Treatment Nursing Essay

Patient Refusal Of Treatment Nursing Essay I dont want to be treated, Alice Nuvo said in the scenario 6. She is a woman who was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and that has a very low percentage of survival for another year, even with the best treatment. Just give me something to control the pain and let me go home- she said. In this scenario we will talk about autonomy, which is typically defined as self-determination and refers to the ability of competent individuals to make decisions over their own lives. In order for autonomy to be meaningful, a competent individuals decisions should be respected even when those decisions conflict with what others believe to be reasonable. Over the last few decades, respect for autonomy has come to be recognized as a fundamental principle of Bioethics. In general, a patients autonomy should be respected even if the patient decides not to follow a doctors or health care teams advice. Respect for autonomy has helped to redefine the physician-patient relationship as patients have become more active participants in making health care decisions. Traditionally, the physician played a more paternalistic role in that he/she would largely decide for the patient what the best course of action would be. But now days the patient should not be coerced into making a health care decision, meaning that the patient should not be forced against his/her wishes into making a choice. The patients decision must be voluntary. The basic starting point for ethical analysis in health care, is the encounter between the patient and the health care professional. This relationship is shaped by the goals of that encounter, both the goals that health care professional has and the goals that the patient has. The goals of medicine, which guide the goals of all health care professionals, are: to prevent, cure, slow down or arrest the development of an illness; to stabilize a satisfactory condition; or to relieve the distressing symptoms of illness. It is important to note that these goals are more than simply seeking a cure, and are certainly not focused on seeking to preserve or prolong life at all costs. It is also important to recognize that it is not necessarily possible to meet all of these goals all of the time. The other person in the encounter is the patient, who also has her or his own goals, both health and broader goals in life, as well as values and preferences. Each person forms her or his own conception of what is a good life. This means each person has the freedom to act to put the choices that arise from that conception into effect. Everyone else must respect the space a person needs in which to do this. This is the basis of autonomy. However, autonomy is not an end in itself, but a means whereby a person takes responsibility for her or his own life. In health care, autonomy can be expressed in this way: the patient is the source of the health care professionals right to treat her or him. More specifically the patient has the right to choose to accept or refuse treatment that is offered or choose between different options. The important thing to remember is that the patient will consider her or his goals in life, will act upon her or his values and preferences as well as the medical facts in making such a decision, and all of these must be respected. In many situations the patients decision is not questioned. Decisions have been challenged when the choice does not seem reasonabl e to the health care professionals or others, generally it is challenged by questioning the competence of the patient, which we are not going to question in this particular case of Alice Nuvo. A patients decision to accept or refuse life-sustaining treatment needs to come out of a reflection on the usefulness and reasonableness of such treatment. Treatment has to be reasonable, this means that it has to be effective and that the benefits need to be in proportion to the burden for the patient of undergoing the treatment. There are two aspects of the refusal of life-sustaining treatment. The goals of medicine establish the purposes of treatment. It is not always possible to meet all of the goals, and at times may only be possible to relieve the distressing symptoms of illness. It is not a goal of medicine to prolong the dying process. The second aspect of any decision to forgo treatment is the patients right to choose whether or not to accept such treatment, even if the treatment has a reasonable chance of being effective. A person who is terminally ill is someone for whom there is no further curative treatment, like Alice Nuvo has no further CURATIVE treatment. Therefore, the only goal that it may be possible to meet is that of relieving symptoms. However, the point at which treatment is ceased and the decision made to forgo resuscitation varies with each patient. One person may wish to remain alive long enough to see a grandchild married. Another person may wish to spend the last weeks of life with close family members without suffering the debilitating side effects of chemotherapy. Id rather spend the remaining time with my husband and two daughters then die in the peace, instead of puking up my guts in some hospital Alice Nuvo said. After all this being said, the fact that refusal of any life-sustaining treatment is not to be equated with a slow, passive suicide, the person is not choosing to die. Rather she or he is choosing other goals, in line with her or his conception of a good life. In each case death is accepted as a foreseen, possible side effect of such a choice, but it is not directly chosen. Decisions regarding life-sustaining treatment are complex. Such decisions made by patients are based on a balancing of the benefits and burden of any such treatment and will include the goals, values and preferences that the patient has. But sometimes doctor thinks patient is making the wrong decision, how far should he go to try to persuade her or him to accept the treatment? Patient autonomy does not allow the health care provider to make the decision for the patient, but it does allow providers to educate the patient. It requires of health care providers that they respect patients by providing accurate and complete information that gives patient understanding of positive and negative sides of treatment.

Examine the influence of Heaneys childhood upon his poetry :: English Literature

Examine the influence of Heaneys childhood upon his poetry Introduction Seamus Heaney was born on a farm in county Derry in North Ireland on April 13th 1939 he was one of nine children. The Heaney family had lived in that area for centuries and had been farmers for generations. He grew up in the country and the countryside was a crucial focus point for his poetry, this is shown in the poems The early purges, The forge, Digging, Follower and Death of a naturalist. He grew up in a rural community which was very important to him as well as village traditions, history and religion. Nature was important to him. This is illustrated in Death of a naturalist and Follower. He looked back to the farm for inspiration in his writing when he writes about the farm in Digging and the follower. In Follower, Seamus writes about his father Patrick. Seamus had a great deal of respect and admires his father for his farming skill again this is evident in Follower. Seamus and his father separated as Seamus grew smarter and away from the farming life and towards poetry and literature. Heaney was Catholic and at school he became aware of the Catholic and Protestant problems in Ireland which later inspired him to write about politics and the problems in Ireland. Heaney wrote very realistic poems about life in the countryside and wanted to show what it was really like (rough and hard).This is clear in Death of a Naturalist and Early purges. When he was twelve he won a scholarship to St Colun's boarding school in Derring later he won another scholarship to Queens university where he studied English. When he was at university he started to write poems and the increasing problems in Ireland became apparent to him and his poems examined these problems. In the early sixties he wrote his first volume Death of a naturalist. Analyzing four Heaney Poems I have chosen Death of a naturalist, Follower, Digging and The early purges because I think they represent the influences that Heaneys childhood had on his poems. Death of a naturalist was one of Heaneys' first poems and was the title of his first volume. The poem symbolizes the innocence of childhood because he uses simple and uncomplicated language. The teacher in the poem is very patronizing and explains sex and mating in a very toned down way she said, 'The daddy frog was called the bullfrog and how he croaked and how the mammy frog laid hundreds of little eggs and this was frogspawn'. The early part of the poem is seen through the eyes of a child and as